BbpÀthZ imkv{X¯n {]tals¯ AjvSalmtcmK§fn H¶mbn ]dªncn¡p¶p. hkvXp F¶ almaÀ½s¯ B{ibn¨pWvSmIp¶Xn\mepw, ZoÀLImew XpSÀ¶p \n¡p¶Xn\mepw, A\p_Ôambn \nch[n D]{Zhhym[nIÄ DWvSmIp¶Xn\mepw {]tals¯ almtcmKsa¶v NcImNmcy³ \nÀÆNn¨ncn¡p¶Xv A\zÀ°amWv. icoc¯n \n¶v aq{Xw Afhn IqSpXembn _lnjv¡cn¡s¸Sp¶XmWv {]tal¯nsâ {][m\ e£Ww.

kp{ipXmNmcy³ {]tals¯ cWvSphn[¯n hn`Pn¨ncn¡p¶p.
(1) klPambpw (]mc¼cyambpw)
(2) A]°yamb BlmchnlmcP\yambpw
.
{]tal¯n\pff ImcW§Ä
hymbmaanÃmbva, AekX, ]Iepd¡w, F¶o ioe§fpw, XWp¯Xpw, kv\nKv[hpw, a[pcckw A [nIapffXpw, taZÊns\ hÀ²n¸n¡p¶Xpambpff A]m\§fpsS \nc´c D]tbmKw, hkvXym[mcamb icoc[mXp¡sf Zpjn¸n¨v aq{Xambn ]cnWan¸n¡p¶p. CXv km[mcWbn Ihnª Afhn aq{Xw t]mIp¶Xn\v CShcp¯p¶p. C{]Imcw ]pd¯pt]mIp¶ aq{X¯nsâ cmkKpW§f\pkcn¨v NcImNmcy³ {]tals¯ 20 C\§fmbn XcwXncn¨ncn¡p¶p
.
{]tal¯nsâ e£W§Ä
FÃmbvt¸mgpw hmbn a[pcckw A\p`hs¸SpI, ssIImepIfn s]cp¸w, ]pI¨nepw hmbv, sXmWvS F¶nhnS§fn hcĨ, AanXamb shffZmlw, XfÀ¨, icoc¯n Agp¡phÀ²n¡pI, icoc¯n\v ZpÀKÔw A\p`hs¸SpI, Np«\oäepw Xcn¸pw A\p`hs¸SpI, Ft¸mgpw Dd¡hpw £oWhpw DWvSmhpI, aq{X¯n Cu¨bpw Ddp¼pw Acn¡pI, Chsbms¡ NcImNmcy³ {]tale£W§fmbn hnhcn¡p¶p
.
{]tal¯nsâ D]{Zhhym[nIÄ
hbdnf¡w, ]\n, hni¸nÃmbva, {hW§Ä, ]o\kw, OÀ±n, Npabpw, izmkwap«epw, hrjvW§fnepw, enwK¯nepw thZ\, hkvXnbn (ASn hbdnÂ) thZ\, lrZb`mK¯v thZ\, ]pfn¨pXnI«pI, tamlmemkyw, hnfÀ¨, ae_Ôw, \oWvSp \n¡p¶ ssIIm Ig¸pw, Xcn¸pw, thZ\bpw, kÔn thZ\, t]iohenhv, ImgvN¡pdhv, XpS§n {]talm\p_Ôamb D]{Zh hym[nIÄ \nch[nbmWv. {]talw IÀi\amb \nb{´W¯n\p hnt[bam¡mªm càk½À²w, lrZvtcmKw XpS§nb aäp almtcmK§Ä¡pw CShcp¯pw.

{]tal NnInÕ
{]talnbn Blmcw Zln¨ icoc¯nte¡mKoIcWw sNbvXv icoc[mXp¡fmbn amdp¶ {]{Inbbv¡v XSÊw t\cnSp¶p. AtXkabw Dff icoc[mXp¡Ä icoc[À½w \nÀÆln¡p¶Xn\v hn\ntbmKn¡s¸Sp¶Xn\nSbn cà¯n \n¶v ap{X¯neqsS ]pdt¯bv¡v t]mIpIbpw sN¿p¶p.
C{]Imcw BtcmKyw A\p\nanjw £bn¸n¡p¶ {]taln¡v tcmKmcw`¯n Xs¶ tZl_ew Dd¸p hcp¯n NnInÕm{Iaw XpSt§WvSXpsWvS¶v NcImNmcy³ A\pimkn¡p¶p.

{XnImem`nIjmbw. apkvXmZnIjmbw, AarXm`nIjmbw. thymjm`nIjmbw.talam£nINqÀ®w, ck IÀ¸qcKpfnI, hk´Ip³aImcw KpfnI, _em[m{XmZn F®, {]talanlnc ssXew, talmi\nssXew, ]©kvt\l ssXew, [\z´cLrXw, eulckmb\w, [m{XmcnjvSw, tem{[mkhw XpS§nb Huj[§Ä tcmKnbpsSbpw tcmK¯nsâbpw AhØbv¡\pkcn¨v {]tal¯n\v {]tbmKn¡mhpXmWv.

Blmc{IaoIcWw, hymbmaw, Nn«bmb Zn\Ncy, AhØm\pkcWapff Huj[{]tbmKw F¶nh {]taltcmKNnInÕbn AXn{][m\amWv. ]©kmc, iÀ¡c, a[pc]elmc§Ä Acnbc¨pWvSm¡p¶ Blmc§Ä, Ing§phÀ¤§Ä, \h[m\y§Ä, aZyw, F®IÄ, s\¿v, sImgp¸[nIapff amwk§Ä XpS§nbh {]taln¡p lnXaÃ. A[nI `£Ww GXmbmepw \ÃXÃ. [mcmfw ]¨¡dnbpw, ]bdphÀ¤§fpw anXamb tXmXn aÕyhpw, sImgp¸p \o¡nb amkw§fpw Bhmw. s\Ãn¡, ISp¡ Xm¶n¡, aªÄ, AarXv, ]She¯WvSv, Icn§men¡mXÂ, ap¯§, Deph, I·Zw XpS§nbh {]tallc§fmWv.

]Xnhmbn ]©kvt\lw, talmi\n XpS§nb {]tallc§fmb ssXe§Ä kÀÆmwKw tX¨v Ipfn¡p¶Xv hymbmaw t]mse Xs¶ {]taltcmKnsb D]{Zhhym[nIfn \n¶v c£n¡psa¶v BbpÀthZmNmcy·mÀ km£ys¸Sp¯p¶p. AXpt]mse {]talia\ Ijmb§fpw ]Xnhm¡p¶Xv \à ^ew sN¿p¶pWvSv. GXp NnInÕbpw Nn«bmbn Gsd \mÄ sNt¿WvSnhcpsa¶Xv {]talw t]mepff almtcmK§fpsS {]tXyIXbmWv

aäp teJ\§Ä
{]talw F´v? F§s\?
]cntim[\Ifpw tcmK\n˨bhpw
`£Ww
hymbmaw
acp¶pIÄ
C³kpen³
{]talhpw lrZbhpw
{]talw AÔXbpWvSm¡ptam?
{]talhpw ]mZ§fpw
{]talhpw hr¡Ifpw
KÀ`Ime {]talw
ssS¸v 1 {]talw
BbpÀthZw þ {]tal NnInÕbv¡v
{]talnIÄ kzbw sNtbWvS Imcy§Ä